Exactly 125 years ago an Atlanta pharmacist mixed up a cure for headache and fatigue and stumbled upon the recipe for what has become one of the world's most recognisable drinks and brand names.
Coca-Cola is celebrating the moment when on May 8, 1886 John Pemberton made his way into American culture, creating a soft drink now sold in more than 200 countries and earning the company a place among the world's top 100 firms.
Regular Coke, as opposed to its numerous offshoots such as Diet Coke, remains the world's favourite soda with a whopping 17 percent market share, trouncing its rival Pepsi.
The recipe is a closely guarded secret passed down through the generations, and according to legend safely stashed away in a company vault.
"The Coca-Cola saga has been reverentially preserved and nurtured over the years," writes author Mark Pendergrast in his book "For God, Country and Coca-Cola" which relates the history of the drink.
The official version of events in this rags-to-riches story "has all the earmarks of the class American success myth."
According to the legend which has grown up around Coke the poor but kindly Pemberton was transformed from a dishwasher into a millionaire.
But in reality Pemberton was no grumpy, herbal doctor who unwittingly brewed up his magic potion in his backyard, Pendergrast maintains.
Coca-Cola was a typical by-product of "the golden age of quackery" at the end of the 1800s when many doctors were trying to patent all kinds of cures and medicines for a variety of ailments.
Pharmacists and quacks offered their wares for sale on every street corner amid a growing clamour in the developing industrial age for effective cure-alls at the infancy of modern medicine.
The original Coca-Cola most likely tasted different from the liquid today, Pendergrast notes. "It was like many such other nostrums, a patent medicine with a distinct cocaine kick."
Pemberton is thought to have discovered his new "miracle" medicine on May 8, 1886, and dubbed it Coca-Cola. But at the start the public eschewed his marvellous new elixir and in the first year he only sold on average nine glasses a day.
It was in 1888 that business began to bubble when entrepreneur Asa Chandler bought the rights and began to mass produce this "medicine" as a refreshing soft drink.
Within just a few years, Coca-Cola was a favourite beverage around the United States. The brew only made it across the Atlantic and into Europe in 1919 where it first appeared on shelves in France, before arriving in Germany in 1929.
But apart from its business success, Coca-Cola is above all a cultural phenomenon.
It remains one of the world's favourite drinks despite concerns over its sugar content, amid rising obesity levels especially among children.
Last year the company had a net revenue of about $35 billion, leading to profits of almost $12 billion.
Selling more of the soft drink to children would be a "public health disaster," says Michael F. Jacobson from the Centre for Science in the Public Interest lobby group.
But it's hard to defeat such nimble marketing and overturn a brand image which has turned Coke, which its distinctive red and white label, from a mere consumer product into an object of desire, argues Constance Hays in her book "The Real Thing: Truth and Power at the Coca-Cola Company."
"Through relentless advertising, clever marketing and sometimes plain old luck, Coke came to stand for the glamorous, prosperous, flag-waving side of America, the part that always looked forward, not back," she writes.
Coca-Cola is celebrating its birthday with a huge concert on Saturday in Atlanta streamed live on the Internet.
And the secret recipe? That remains firmly under lock and key even if some people claim to have already discovered the right ingredients.
Muhtar Kent, chairman and chief executive, said in February that Coca-Cola was entering 2011, its 125th year in business, "with solid momentum."
"While we recognise that challenges remain in our worldwide marketplace, we are confident that we are advancing our global momentum to deliver long-term sustainable growth and value for our shareowners," he said.
- AFP/de
